International Journal of Current Innovations in Advanced Research

Artificial intelligence in disease prediction and diagnosis: a systematic literature review

Harshith R — 2025-10-26

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, particularly in disease prediction and diagnosis, offering unprecedented opportunities to improve clinical outcomes and operational efficiency. This systematic literature review examines the current state of AI applications across various medical domains, focusing on its role in general disease diagnosis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other specific conditions such as diabetes and Alzheimer's. We aim to synthesize existing research, identify key trends, and highlight gaps in the literature to guide future investigations. A rigorous methodology was employed to select and analyze relevant studies, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of AI techniques, their performance, and clinical applicability. The findings reveal that AI models, particularly those based on deep learning and machine learning, demonstrate high accuracy in diagnosing diseases, often surpassing traditional methods. However, challenges such as data heterogeneity, interpretability, and integration into clinical workflows remain significant barriers. In cardiovascular diseases, AI excels in risk stratification and early detection, while in oncology; it enhances tumor classification and prognosis prediction. For chronic and neurodegenerative conditions, AI shows promise in personalized treatment planning. The review concludes that while AI holds immense potential, its widespread adoption requires addressing ethical, regulatory, and technical hurdles. Future research should prioritize robust validation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and real-world implementation to fully realize AI's benefits in healthcare.

Discover how ashwagandha may impact health; a comprehensive review

Sireesha Badri — 2025-11-29

Ashwagandha has been a vital component of Ayurvedic medicine, functioning as s vitality. Classified as a “Rasayana,” it is recognized for its adaptogenic and rejuvenating effects. Its traditional use in India dates back more than 3000 years. The root of Ashwagandha has been employed for multiple therapeutic purposes, including as a narcotic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, anti-helminthic, tonic, and stimulant. The chemical constituents of Ashwagandha are known for their complex and variable phytochemical composition, which contributes to its wide range of therapeutic properties. Neurodegenerative diseases are not exclusive to humans but are also observed in animals, exhibiting comparable pathological mechanisms and disease progression across species. Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by structural and functional alterations in the brain, leading to progressive memory decline, disorientation, and impaired motor coordination. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have also attracted interest for their potential in managing chronic conditions such as arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Formulation and evaluation of losartan potassium immediate release tablets

Vinod Kumar K — 2025-12-09

This study aims to develop immediate-release tablets of losartan potassium for the fast and effective management of hypertension. Losartan potassium exhibits pH-dependent solubility, requiring careful formulation optimization. Tablets were primarily prepared by the wet-granulation method using suitable excipients. Ten formulations (F1–F10) were developed and evaluated for flow and compression properties. Post-compression tests included weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, and in-vitro dissolution studies. Formulations F9 and F10 demonstrated the best tablet characteristics and the fastest drug release, with dissolution profiles comparable to the marketed innovator product. Stability studies conducted at 40 °C/75% RH for two months indicated no significant changes in drug content. The optimized formulations remained physically and chemically stable. Overall, a safe, effective, and stable immediate-release losartan potassium tablet was successfully developed.

Review on formulation and evaluation of poly herbal nasal spray

Sowjanya Karra — 2025-12-28

Amoxicillin, a widely used broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic, has become a major environmental contaminant due to its extensive use and incomplete metabolism, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Effective monitoring of amoxicillin in clinical, pharmaceutical, and environmental samples requires reliable, sensitive, and affordable analytical techniques. Although chromatographic methods such as HPLC and LC-MS provide high precision, they are often unsuitable for low-resource or field settings because of cost and equipment limitations. Paper electrophoresis, a classical yet evolving technique, has re-emerged as a sustainable, portable, and cost-effective alternative for antibiotic analysis. Its simplicity, minimal reagent consumption, and adaptability make it suitable for on-site applications. This review summarizes the development and principles of paper electrophoresis for amoxicillin determination and explores its evolution into modern portable systems. Recent advancements such as paper-based microfluidic devices (µPADs), smartphone-assisted detection, and hybrid electrophoretic-electrochemical platforms are highlighted. The review also discusses applications in pharmaceutical quality control, therapeutic drug monitoring, and environmental analysis, emphasizing its relevance to green analytical chemistry. Key challenges—including limited sensitivity, lack of standardization, and reproducibility issues—are critically examined, along with future directions integrating artificial intelligence, biosensors, and lab-on-paper systems. Overall, paper electrophoresis represents a promising, eco-friendly analytical approach for sustainable monitoring of amoxicillin and combating environmental antibiotic pollution.

Assessment of undiagonised anxiety and depression in patients attending teritiary care teaching hospital and role of clinical pharmacist in management

Uma Sankar Viriti — 2025-09-20

Background:This research focuses on observing the mental health conditions of patients who are suffering from undiagnosed anxiety and depression attending tertiary care teaching hospital. We have evaluated and observed the number of participants of the study are being suffered and assessed the role of clinical pharmacist in identification and management.Methodology: The present study is a prospective observational analytical study involving 135 study participants who are having anxiety & depression but are being undiagnosed at tertiary care hospital Anil Neerukonda Hospital in Vizianagaram district. The Information was obtained through direct interaction with patients from different departments and they’re diagnosed using State Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory Scale (BD-II).Results:In the study, we reported a prevalence of 51% suffering from anxiety, 32% are suffering from depression and 17% are suffering from both anxiety and depression. Among these 13% of the study participants are of Low/No Depression, 6% with Moderate depression and 2% with Severe Depression. Whereas participants with anxiety were reported as 9% suffering with Low/No Anxiety, 12% with Moderate Anxiety and 0.7% suffering from High Anxiety Levels.Conclusion: Patients who are suffering from undiagnosed anxiety and depression are found to be experiencing trauma, stress and other psychological issues which affects their mental health condition.